Turkey is a stunning location that straddles Asia and Europe. It is filled to the brim with historic ruins left over from a parade of civilizations and endowed with magnificent landscape that never fails to impress.
All who visit are awed by its colorful culture, delectable cuisine, and extensive history, while its magnificent landscapes, which range from the Mediterranean's warm sunshine to its powerful mountains and barren steppe, serve as standalone tourist attractions.
This country offers visitors a wide variety of things to do, whether you want to soak up the Byzantine and Ottoman glories of Istanbul on a city break, relax on the beach, delve into history by wandering through ruins like Ephesus, or see some of the world's most surreal landscapes in Pamukkale and Cappadocia.
Read our list of the top tourist destinations in Turkey for suggestions on where to go.
01. Hagia Sophia Mosque
The Hagia Sophia Mosque (Aya Sofya), regarded as one of the most stunning structures in the world, is not only one of the top things to do in Istanbul but also in Turkey.
It was constructed in 537 CE by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and it has continued to hold the title of largest church in the world for a thousand years.
The delicate minarets that were built after the Ottoman conquest frame the towering mass of its exterior, and the lavish and vast frescoed interior is a great reminder of the majesty and power of old Constantinople.
Every visitor to the nation must see this famous landmark.
02. Ephesus
The impressive ruin of Ephesus is a city of enormous monuments and marble-columned streets that should not be missed.
This is the spot to experience what life may have been like during the Roman Empire's golden age because it is one of the most complete, still-standing famed towns from antiquity in the Mediterranean region.
Although the city has been inhabited since the 10th century BCE, the majority of the significant monuments you can still see today originate from the Roman era, when it was a booming trading center.
The Great Theater, the complex of terraced buildings with frescoes, and the Celsus Library all provide as evidence of Ephesus' prosperity and significance during the Roman era.
Make care to organize your visit so you won't feel rushed. A sightseeing excursion here will take at least half a day to see the major features and longer, if you really want to explore.
03. Cappadocia
Every photographer's fantasy is captured in Cappadocia's bizarre, curving rock valleys.
Rippling panoramas of wave-like rock formations or bizarrely shaped pinnacles that have been fashioned by millennia of wind and water activity can be found on cliff ridges and hill crests.
In addition, this is one of the finest locations in the world to go on a hot-air balloon ride if you don't feel like hiking for the sights.
The frescoed rock-cut churches and cave-cut buildings from the Byzantine Era, when this region was inhabited by monastic Christian groups, are nestled in this distinctive lunar-like terrain.
Some of the best surviving religious works from the middle of the Byzantine era may be found, in particular, in the several cave-churches of Göreme Open-Air Museum and Ihlara Valley.
With their boutique hotels that let guests stay in caves with all of today's comforts, Cappadocia's villages—half hewn into the hillsides—are also an attraction in and of themselves. From here, visitors may explore the surrounding area.
04. Topkapı Palace
Topkap Palace in Istanbul, which is unimaginably lavish, immerses you in the magical, sumptuous world of the sultans.
The Ottoman sultans carved out an empire from here in the 15th and 16th centuries, one that would reach up through Europe, over the Middle East, and into Africa.
The interiors offer an astonishing glimpse into the Ottoman power structure with their magnificent jeweled ornamentation and decadently extravagant tiling.
Don't miss the Imperial Council building, where the Grand Vizier conducted business for the empire, the Imperial Treasury's exhibition of weaponry, its top-notch collection of miniature paintings, and the opulent Harem apartments, which were created by renowned Ottoman architect Sinan.
The neighboring public gardens, which were formerly the unique preserve of the Royal Court, are now accessible to anyone and offer a peaceful, natural retreat from the busy city streets.
05. Pamukkale
The pristine white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, often known as Cotton Castle in English, tumble down the slope and seem out of place in the surrounding greenery. They are one of Turkey's most well-known natural beauties.
The enormous and sprawling ruins of Greco-Roman Hierapolis, an ancient spa town, are spread across the crest of this calcite hill, however the travertines themselves are a highlight of a journey to Turkey.
After viewing the ruins of the city's agora, gymnasium, necropolis, and massive gates, as well as the ancient theater with its views of the surrounding countryside, you may take a dip in the historic pool's mineral-rich waters, which helped make this spa town famous in antiquity.
After that, descend the travertine hill to the modern Pamukkale little settlement below by wading through the water-filled top terraces.
Come at dusk as the sun is setting to get the greatest pictures of the glowing travertines.
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